A study has shown Bonobos combining words in ways thought to be human

Bonobos and Chimpanzees are thought to be our closest relatives, and when you watch this young bonobo play with water. Knowing this, it is perhaps not strange that researchers are finding that bonobos combine words in ways that sound very human. They are able to combine several sounds, to create a phrase, with more meaning than its individual parts.

This is something that was considered unique to human language. A simple example of this ability would be something like “brunette painter” is something that many animals can do – it is a person which is both brunette and a painter – however bonobos can combine them is such a way like a “good painter”, good is not another description, but instead changes the meaning of painter- the two words give more meaning together.

I have tried to write on Bonobos, relatively regularly on this website. This is for a variety of reasons. Being the last species of unique great ape to be found (species like the Tapanuli Orangutan have been discovered since, but the bonobo is far more distinct. Bonobos are female dominated society, and it is a far more peaceful society than with chimpanzee. Violence is rare, with bonobos using sex to deal with tension and conflict instead.

They did a great deal of analysis, recording hundreds of vocalisations. They identified 7 different calls, used in 19 different combinations and found that of these 4 followed the rules of human sentences (the other 15 have not been properly analysed as yet.

One example, was where Yelps are thought to mean “lets do that” while grunts are thought to mean “look at what I am doing” but when combined into a yelp-grunt it appeared to mean lets do what I am doing – and was often used to encourage other members of the group to build their night nests.

Bonobo are still loosing territory in the wild, and with their whole range restricted to just the Democratic republic of Congo, their population is far more fragile than many other great apes.

Visiting the Bonobos will give the country more reason to preserve them.

Wild boar continue to spread across the UK, arrive just a mile from where i live (Still sorting issues, but progressing)

I have missed writing regularly, but have been having some issues with this website. I am hoping that in the near future these will be resolved, and allow the website to reach some of its potential – however for now, back to this article.

The UK is recognized as one of the most nature depleted places on earth. never the less, there is wildlife in the shadow of humans. A very wide range of wildlife has been lost, as humans have not left the space – this is causing us issues, not least because there are no apex predators left.

Wild boar, however, were accidently released – they were bred for meat, and between a variety of escapes and intentional released populations, a wild population has been established in the UK. Domestic pigs are descended from wild boar – it is thouoght that they were domesticated twice, once in the near middle east around 8500 years ago, and again in China around 6500 years ago (though it should be noted that these dates are still pretty unclear. 8500 years is not a long time in genetic evolution, and as such they are still capable to interbreed, even though there is a significant difference in how these two groups live.

There is an estimated 2600 wild boar living in the UK. The largest populations are listed below, though it does not account for all of them

  • Forest of Dean: This area has the most established and largest wild boar population in the UK. The population is estimated to be around 1,200 animals.
  • Kent/East Sussex: This area has a population of 250-300 wild boar.
  • West Dorset: This population is estimated to be over 50 animals.
  • North Devon: This area has a smaller population, estimated to be between 50 and 100 wild boar.

Wild boar are incredibly important for the health of forests – wild boar turn soil in their search for roots and tubers, and this is perfect for the growth of new seedlings. Boar rootling areas are often full of tree saplings and shoots growing together. It is something that has been missed for a very long time, and the health of forests that the boar returns to is greatly improving.

The area that I live in, has a great deal of army land, and therefore, I believe that the area could support hundreds of boar, if not more.

This individual boar, is likely to be a young roaming male, and usually, the first visitor does not settle within an area, however, females also roam, and should a male and female meet, they are likely to become a breeding pair, and at that point the population can grow fast as a breeding pair (when they have some domestic pig genes in them) potentially having 3 litters of 10 or more a year.

Will a breeding population be established around here? It is still for the time being, chance, however at this breeding rate, it is quite conceivable for boar to be back across the UK within the next couple of decades. Pure wild boar would be better, however adaption back to living in the wild will likely slow their breeding rate relatively fast.

Quiet for a time – trying to solve CPU issues

For anyone visiting, I have not gone anywhere. Unfortunately the website has been having a number of issues. We have employed someone to work out what is going on, so we are hoping to be back to normal (or indeed far better than normal) in the near future. Time will tell how well this will work.

There is a well known rift between Prince William and Prince Harry, but it is based on an important aspect of conservation

Unfortunately, this disagreement, is not restricted to within the royal family, quite to the contrary.

There are many species that it is hard to live alongside – I am not thinking of animals like elephants or rhino or buffalo, which will also be dangerous to life, but provided you behave in the right way, you can live in close proximity with and rarely have a problem. Indeed, there are populations who succeed to live in the close proximity with big cats such as lions and leopards. However, in many other places, lions and leopards can turn to man-eating, or indeed livestock eating. These reserves, seem best to be kept as so called fortress reserves, where people live outside (though bushmen still live in these areas, and having passed down information for thousands of generations, so can live with big cats). A large number of these huge reserves were set up while the land was held as parts of empires, and as such may not be the best way to do things, though in many of these places, it is the way things are set.

On the other hand, William believes that you should be community led schemes which focus on locals and allow them to benefit from the wildlife. I would argue that these are not incompatible. My experience of the Kruger, was that many locals did very well from their proximity to the Kruger national park – not to the extent that perhaps they should, but those willing to learn can become guides, while the rest can work in hospitality and the like. Even beyond this, there is the ability for artisans to sell their products on the way in and out of the park.

Personally, I believe that the path falls somewhere between the two. It is essential, that were possible, migration routes between reserves are created before these become built over.

Our website aims to allow both – we have a space on this website (called Wild places) for listing large reserves, and chances to see the wildlife they contain. Alongside this, we offer our area called “in the shadow of mankind” which is aimed at all of the other wildlife, often found alongside where people live, or where their livestock lives. To a large extent, to allow the natural world to truly thrive, we need both ends of this spectrum.

Website update

I am well aware, that I have been quiet for some time. I am hoping that, that is, coming to an end. I have been working on the members areas, and trying to find a way for those to “blog” important news from their wilderness areas, as well as those areas of interest for other people.

We hope that this is going to arrive within the next few days, but, I am hoping that I will be available to write more regularly in the near future.

As ever, our aim is educate about the natural world and the threats that hurt it, and to create an increasingly complete list of wildernesses around the world, and opportunities to see the wildlife that live within it.

Do get involved, as members (as we move forwards) and in other ways.

Male dominance is perhaps less the default than thought amongst primates, a new study has found

Even before the study was started, it was known that some species are not male dominated. Above is a family of Bonobos, and these great apes live in a female dominated society.

Given our assumption that on male dominance, it is perhaps surprising, that only 58% of primate species have dominant males. Perhaps not surprising, as a result, every major primate group had at least one species which was female (or co-dominant) structures.

Indeed, with the gibbons (or lesser apes on this website, to check them out, click here to visit the home page, and then expand the species database, and click on lesser apes) all 5 species examined (there are a total of 20) have been classed as non-male dominant.

Amongst primates, this likelihood is (according to Lewis, the head of the study) relatively easily predicted, as tends to occur in the species, where there is little difference between the size of male and female members.

An example here, is clear: while a male gorilla can weigh twice that of a female, siamang gibbons only have males a couple of kg heavier than females – not surprisingly, while male gorillas are dominant, this is not the case with siamang gibbons.

It should be noted, therefore, that while 4 out the 5 species of great apes are male dominated (we assume this in humans as well, though, in the modern day, it would be hard to argue that we are not more of a co dominant species. Given that likely all the lesser apes (the gibbons) are more or less co-dominant, it follows, that even just looking at the apes, more are female dominant or co-dominant.

Continue reading “Male dominance is perhaps less the default than thought amongst primates, a new study has found”

Toyota was a climate hero in the 1990s, why is it now to exact opposite?

I have spent a great deal of time, recently, working on a variety of areas of the website that I hope to become important in the near future (including members areas). During this time, I miss writing on these subjects, so I would open tabs on news articles that had caught my eye – when I turned my attention back, there were more than 1000 tabs. Several hundred are wildlife news, which I will deal with in the near future, but the rest have been grouped. There is a long video embeded in the bottom of the page, which gives similar information but in more detail, if you would prefer (produced by the electric viking)

This grouping is stories about Toyota, and its various moves which appear to clearly show their moves to make the climate worse not better.

Continue reading “Toyota was a climate hero in the 1990s, why is it now to exact opposite?”

Website update

HAPPY NEW YEAR! I decided to stop writing over the Christmas period this year, however, we are back and there is much going on. We have spent the down time working on our members areas, and we are hoping to have people join us on these in the near future.

I have also been reading, and have a large number of articles waiting to be written (though as the members area grows, I hope to be able to write a smaller proportion of the articles in question.

Apologies for the different look today

One of our systems is not working as it should be, hence the wrong look today. It has been disabled, which is allowing the website to run, but will run slower and not quite right until we fix, sorry for the interruption

We will put out more articles, while we try to fix the underlying issue

Flamingo and Grebe Species

Flamingoes and Grebes

At the top of the page is an image of every species of flamingo, below you will find some information on each species. Below this, you will find the same for the grebes.

As always, should you work in tourism or conservation of any of these species, do get in touch, we are keen to help people find you. Click on list your wild place on the homepage main menu.

American Flamingo

Found in the West Indies, northern South America (including the Galápagos Islands) and the Yucatan Peninsula. It was considered cospecifc with the greater flamingo, but they are now recognized as separate species (it is also closely related to the Chilean flamingo). 

Formerly it was a culture icon in Southern Florida, but was largely extirpated by 1900. Having said this, there are vagrant flamingos in Florida, and these now often stay in the country worldwide.

There are 80,000-90,000 left in the wild, and there are 4 breeding colonies: in South America (in the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador, coastal Colombia and Venezuela, and northern Brazil), in the West Indies (Trinidad and Tobago, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola (the Dominican Republic and Haiti), The Bahamas, the Virgin Islands, and the Turks and Caicos Islands), and tropical and subtropical areas of continental North America (along the northern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico, and formerly southern Florida in the United States).

Andean Flamingo

Found in the Andes mountains of South America, it is in the same genus as the James Flamingo. Indeed, the Chilean Andea and James flamingo often share nesting sites and are relatively closely related.

It is considered vulnerable to extinction with roughly 34,000 remaining in the wild, but declining over time.

As with other flamingos they are filter feeders, though what they filter can vary from algae to small fish – which they look for in shallow salty water.

They migrate between salt lakes in the summer and lower wetlands in winter – with the capacity of covering 700 miles a day.

The threat that this species faces, is generally due to human activity of mining and other changes to their habitat.

Chilean Flamingo

Closely related to the American and greater flamingo, it is listed as near threatened in the wild with a wild population of about 200,000. Population declines are due to habitat loss and degradation, harvesting and human disturbance.

While they are only currently listed as near threatened, there is a great deal of concern about falling populations, and as such they are relatively common in zoos and there is an active breeding program..

 

Greater Flamingo

The greaterflamingo has the greatest of ranges of any species (as you can see from the map. While it is found down the East coast of Africa, it is also found on the northwest coast and the northern coast. It is also present in the middle east, and throughout much of Sothern Europe. Its range also extends into India. It is listed as least concern with a population between 550,000 and 680,000 with between 45,000 and 125,000 living in Europe – the Camargue is the most famous in Southern France

They are listed as least concern

 

James Flamingo

The James flamingo is also found on the high Andean plateau, and is closely related to the Andean Flamingo. It was thought extinct until a population was rediscovered in 1956, and the current population is thought to be around 106,000.

It is currently listed as near threatened, and on CITES appendix 2.

Lesser Flamingo

Found in Sub-Saharan Africa and India. While the smallest species, it still stands 80-90cm tall. The easiest way to tell this and the greater flamingo (with overlapping range) apart is that the greater flamingo has more black on its bill.

Estimates on the number of this species range from “above” 2 million to as much as 5 million.

They generally breed in highly caustic lakes of the great rift valley in Africa, though there are places in India and a few other places as well.

They are classed as near threatened. While their choice of nesting site protects from many predators, it is still true that many flamingos are killed. From fish eagles to baboons and big cats, there are many species who will eat a flamingo if they can get hold of it.

It is well worth seeing this animal in the wild. Seeing 750,000 lesser flamingos on lake nakuru in kenya is a site that is hard to forget.

Visits to see flamingos are well worth it, and while some live in remote places, it is usually a species which is reliable. Please get in touch if you work in tourism or conservation of this species. Click on list your wild place on the home page of the website.

Next the Grebes

While some sites claim 22 species, my list has found that some of these were extinct (indeed, according to my list there were 3 species that have gone extinct. If there are any experts out there who notice one missing, let me know

We are eager as always to help people find places to see these birds. Do let me know if you work in wildlife tourism or run a place to stay where these birds are regularly seen. Click on list your wild place on the front page of the website.

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