The Persian fallow deer is a deer species once native to all of the Middle East, but currently only living in Iran and Israel. It was reintroduced in Israel. It has been listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008. After a captive breeding program, the population has rebounded from only a handful of deer in the 1960s to over a thousand individuals.

There is still some debate as to whether this is a separate species, or merely a subspecies of the European fallow deer. The only notable reason that they can be seen apart is that this species has more pointed (and less of a plate like) part of the antler. The Persian fallow deer prefers woodlands of tamarisk, oak and pistachio. Even with little road traffic, this species tends to avoid crossing roads, this heavily limits its spread and movement.

Before the spread of humans, it appears that the both species of fallow deer lived alongside each other in Türkiye giving more Amo to the idea that they are two separate species.